Oxidation Reduction Reactions

Oxidation-Reduction Reactions

Procedure:

1. Mix potassium nitrate with powdered sugar 3:2 ratio in a napkin 
2. Take observations 
3. Wrap napkin into a little stick 
4. Place in beaker 
5. Ignite

DNA Necklace Kit

DNA Necklace Kit 

DNa can be considered the hereditary "code of life" because it possesses the information that determines an organism's characteristics and is transmitted from one generation to the next. DNA is contained within the nucleus of almost every cell in the human body 

Questions

1. Describe the way long strands of double-helical DNA fit into the nucleus of a single cell. 

The long strands of double-helical DNA wrap around histone proteins. The wrapping goes on and on to achieve the secondary and tertiary level of packing. In the end, the whole thing is highly packed enough to fit inside the nucleus of a single cell. 

2. Why is a sports drink used to collect the cheek cells instead of water? 

The sports drink has a similar salt concentration to the cells. So, the solution will not affect the shape of the cell. 

3. What does the cell lysis solution do to the cells' membranes? 

The cell lysis solution causes the cells' membranes to break open so the DNA strands can be pulled out. 

4. How does the DNA in the cell lysate become visible? 

The lysate draws the DNA upward making the strands attach together and become visible. 

5. Why can you see the extracted DNA with the naked eye? 

The average length of the DNA strand is a very large number. When it is extracted from many cells, it can easily be seen with the naked eye. 

6. What do you think are some things that a scientist could do with extracted DNA from a human being, or from any organism?  

DNA can be used to tell the identity of a person. This becomes very useful in a forensics-type field of work as it is necessary to find the owner blood in a crime. 

Fish Terrarium

Fish Terrarium 

Materials:

• Bottles of water 
• Plants 
• Fish and shrimp 
• Bromothymol blue 
• Thermometer 

Procedure: 

1. Fill each bottle of water with pure water 
2. Add about 0.5 mL of bromothymol blue in each bottle 
3. Add plants in each bottle 
4. Put in a thermometer 
5. Add fish or shrimp into the bottles 
6. Record the temperature 

Sample	Temperature (Celsius)
1	29
2	28.5
3	28
4	29
5	28
6	28.5
7	27.5
8	27

Questions:

1.       Why do they die?  What's your hypothesis?

The temperature is too high. 

2.       What are our variables?

Temperature, pH, Amount of water, Sunlight 

3.       Which container increased in temperature the most?

The temperatures increased are pretty close to each other. 

4.       What were the initial temperatures?  Are there any increases

Sample	Temperature (Celsius)
1	29
2	28.5
3	28
4	29
5	28
6	28.5
7	27.5
8	27

Multicolored Electrolysis

Acid and Base Indicators Electrolysis 

Materials:

• Petri dish 
• Universal indicator solution 
• Sodium chloride (NaCl) 
• Battery 
• Electrode wires with alligator clips (red and black) 

Procedure:

  

1. Set up two beakers and add 50 mL of water into each beaker
2. Weigh 58.5 g of NaCl twice and add each mol of NaCl into each beaker
3. Add a few drops of universal indicator solution into each beaker
4. Use a filter paper soaked with NaCl solution as a bridge connecting the two beakers 
5. Set up wires with the battery 
6. Dip the two different ends into different beaker 
7. Observe the reaction  

Discussion: 

1. Why is the universal indicator green when you first did it? The indicator turned green because the solution was first neutral 
2. Why can we use the pencils to run a charge? Pencil can act as electrode that carries electrons 
3. What is the color at the cathode? Purple 
4. What is the color at the anode? Yellow 
5. What happens when you place the niobium magnet? Why? The magnet creates magnetic field as the observed electrons moved in a circular motion 
6. What is the equation for the electrolysis of water? Without electron and volts H+ + OH- --> H2O
7. Why can we dump the solution down the drain? The products are gas